Macrophage antioxidant protection within atherosclerotic plaques

Gieseg, S. P., Leake, D. S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1742-6134, Flavall, E. M., Amit, Z., Reid, L. and Yang, Y. T. (2009) Macrophage antioxidant protection within atherosclerotic plaques. Frontiers in Bioscience, 1 (14). pp. 1230-1246. ISSN 1093-9946 doi: 10.2741/3305

Abstract/Summary

Macrophage cells within inflammatory lesions are exposed to a wide range of degrading and cytotoxic molecules including reactive oxygen species. Unlike neutrophils, macrophages do not normally die in this environment but continue to generate oxidants, phagocytose cellular remains, and release a range of cytoactive agents which modulate the immune response. It is this potential of the macrophage cell to survive in an oxidative environment that allows the growth and complexity of advanced atherosclerotic plaques. This review will examine the oxidants encountered by macrophages within an atherosclerotic plaque and describe some of the potential antioxidant mechanisms which enable macrophages to function within inflammatory lesions. Ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, and glutathione appear to be central to the protection of macrophages yet additional antioxidant mechanisms appear to be involved. gamma-Interferon causes macrophages to generate 7,8dihydroneopterin/neopterin and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid both of which have antioxidant properties. Manganese superoxide dismutase is also upregulated in macrophages. The evidence that these antioxidants provide further protection, so allowing the macrophage cells to survive within sites of chronic inflammation such as atherosclerotic plaques, will be described.

Item Type	Article
URI	https://reading-clone.eprints-hosting.org/id/eprint/9605
Item Type	Article
Refereed	Yes
Divisions	Life Sciences > School of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary centres and themes > Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR)
Uncontrolled Keywords	Macrophage, Free-Radical, Antioxidant, Neopterin, Ascorbate, Tocopherol, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase, Atherosclerosis, Review, LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN, MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE, SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS, VITAMIN-C PROTECTS, MEDIATED MITOCHONDRIAL, DYSFUNCTION, MOUSE PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES, MONOCYTE-DERIVED, MACROPHAGES, COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR, TRANSITION-METAL IONS, TUMOR, NECROSIS FACTOR
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