Diagnosing topographic forcing in an atmospheric dataset: the case of the North American Cordillera

Hartung, K., Shepherd, T.G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-9968, Hoskins, B.J., Methven, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-6872 and Svensson, G. (2020) Diagnosing topographic forcing in an atmospheric dataset: the case of the North American Cordillera. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146 (726). pp. 314-326. ISSN 1477-870X doi: 10.1002/qj.3677

Abstract/Summary

It is well known from modelling studies that surface topography influences the large-scale atmospheric circulation and that several model biases are associated with incorrect representation of topography. The textbook explanation of topographic effects on large-scale circulation appeals to the theoretical relationship between surface forcing and vortex stretching along trajectories in single-layer models. The goal of this study is to design and use a simple diagnostic of the large-scale forcing on the atmosphere when air is passing over topography, directly from atmospheric fields, based on this theoretical relationship. The study examines the interaction of the atmosphere with the North American Cordillera and samples the flow by means of trajectories during Northern Hemisphere winter. We detect a signal of topographic forcing in the atmospheric dataset, which, although much less distinct than in the theoretical relationship, nevertheless exhibits a number of expected properties. Namely, the signal increases with latitude, is usually stronger upslope than downslope, and is enhanced if the flow is more orthogonal to the mountain ridge, for example during periods of positive PNA. Furthermore, a connection is found between an enhanced signal of topographic forcing downslope of the North American Cordillera and periods of more frequent downstream European blocking.

Item Type	Article
URI	https://reading-clone.eprints-hosting.org/id/eprint/86404
Item Type	Article
Refereed	Yes
Divisions	Science > School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences > Department of Meteorology
Publisher	Royal Meteorological Society
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