Earth's energy imbalance since 1960 in observations and CMIP5 models

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Smith, D. M., Allan, R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-9447, Coward, A. C., Eade, R., Hyder, P., Liu, C., Loeb, N. G., Palmer, M. D., Roberts, C. D. and Scaife, A. A. (2015) Earth's energy imbalance since 1960 in observations and CMIP5 models. Geophysical Research Letters, 42 (4). pp. 1205-1213. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: 10.1002/2014GL062669

Abstract/Summary

Observational analyses of running 5-year ocean heat content trends (Ht) and net downward top of atmosphere radiation (N) are significantly correlated (r~0.6) from 1960 to 1999, but a spike in Ht in the early 2000s is likely spurious since it is inconsistent with estimates of N from both satellite observations and climate model simulations. Variations in N between 1960 and 2000 were dominated by volcanic eruptions, and are well simulated by the ensemble mean of coupled models from the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We find an observation-based reduction in N of -0.31±0.21 Wm-2 between 1999 and 2005 that potentially contributed to the recent warming slowdown, but the relative roles of external forcing and internal variability remain unclear. While present-day anomalies of N in the CMIP5 ensemble mean and observations agree, this may be due to a cancellation of errors in outgoing longwave and absorbed solar radiation.

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Item Type	Article
URI	https://reading-clone.eprints-hosting.org/id/eprint/39107
Identification Number/DOI	10.1002/2014GL062669
Refereed	Yes
Divisions	Interdisciplinary Research Centres (IDRCs) > Walker Institute Science > School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences > National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) Science > School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences > Environmental Systems Science Centre Science > School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences > NCAS Science > School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences > Department of Meteorology
Publisher	American Geophysical Union
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Funders:	Natural Environment Research Council	The sponsoring bodies who contributed funding for the creation of this item. Example: NERC Example: The Royal Society of Chemistry A pick list of funders may appear as you type in the funder's name in full or as an acronym. Select a correct match to complete the field or type in a new entry in full. For new entries, the full name is preferred.
Projects:	Diagnosing Earth's Energy Pathways in the Climate System (DEEP-C) Funded by: Natural Environment Research Council (NE/K005480/1 - £347,318) Local Lead (PI): Richard Allan Project Lead: Richard Philip Allan 1 March 2013 - 28 February 2017	Click Add to select your project (received at Reading) from an autocomplete list.

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Date Deposited:	02 Feb 2015 10:10	Date item deposited into CentAUR
Last Modified:	28 Feb 2025 02:24	Date item last modified

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