Friction in mid-latitude cyclones: an Ekman-PV mechanism

Downloads

Adamson, D. S., Belcher, S. E., Hoskins, B. J., and Plant, R. S. (2006). Boundary-layer friction in midlatitude cyclones. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 132, 101–124. Ahmadi-Givi, F., Craig, G. C., and Plant, R. S. (2004). The dynamics of a midlatitude cyclone with very strong latent-heat release. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 130, 295–323. Anthes, R. A. and Keyser, D. (1979). Tests of a fine-mesh model over Europe and the United States. Mon. Weather Rev., 107, 963–984. Beare, R. J. (2007). Boundary layer mechanisms in extratropical cyclones. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 133, 503–515. Beare, R. J., MacVean, M. K., Holtslag, A. A. M., Cuxart, J., Esau, I., Golaz, J.-C., Jimenez, M. A., Khairoutdinov, M., Kosovic, B., Lewellen, D., Lund, T. S., Lundquist, J. K., McCabe, A., Moene, A. F., Noh, Y., Raasch, S., and Sullivan, P. (2006). An intercomparison of large-eddy simulations of the stable boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 118, 247–272. Beljaars, A. C. M. and Viterbo, P. (1998). Role of the boundary layer in a numerical weather prediction model. In A. A. M. Holtslag and P. G. Duynkerke, editors, Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layers, pages 287–304, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam. Boutle, I. A. (2009). Boundary-Layer Processes in Mid-latitude Cyclones. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading. http://www.met.rdg.ac.uk/phdtheses/Boundary Layer Processes in Mid-latitude Cyclones. pdf. Boutle, I. A., Beare, R. J., Belcher, S. E., and Plant, R. S. (2007). A note on boundary-layer friction in baroclinic cyclones. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 133, 2137–2141. Boutle, I. A., Beare, R. J., Belcher, S. E., Brown, A. R., and Plant, R. S. (2010). The moist boundary layer under a mid-latitude weather system. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 134, 367–386. Brown, A. R., Beare, R. J., Edwards, J. M., Lock, A. P., Keogh, S. J., Milton, S. F., and Walters, D. N. (2008). Upgrades to the boundary-layer scheme in the Met Office numerical weather prediction model. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 128, 117–132. Card, P. A. and Barcilon, A. (1982). The Charney stability problem with a lower Ekman layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2128–2137. Davis, C. A. and Emanuel, K. A. (1991). Potential vorticity diagnostics of cyclogenesis. Mon. Weather Rev., 119, 1929–1953. Eady, E. T. (1949). Long waves and cyclone waves. Tellus, 1, 33–52. Farrell, B. (1985). Transient growth of damped baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2718–2727. Pedlosky, J. (1979). Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Springer, New York. Plant, R. S. and Belcher, S. E. (2007). Numerical simulation of baroclinic waves with a parameterized boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4383–4399. Shapiro, M. A. and Keyser, D. (1990). Fronts, jet streams and the tropopause. In Extratropical Cyclones: The Erik Palm�en Memorial Volume, pages 167–191. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston. Sinclair, V. A., Belcher, S. E., and Gray, S. L. (2010). Synoptic controls on boundary-layer characteristics. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 134, 387–409. Stoelinga, M. T. (1996). A potential vorticity-based study of the role of diabatic heating and friction in a numerically simulated baroclinic cyclone. Mon. Weather Rev., 124, 849–874. Valdes, P. J. and Hoskins, B. J. (1988). Baroclinic Instability of the Zonally Averaged Flow with Boundary Layer Damping. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1584–1593. Ziemianski, M. (1994). Potential vorticity inversion. Joint Centre for Mesoscale Meterology (JCMM) Internal Report, 39. University of Reading, Reading, UK.