A SAXS study of flow alignment of thermotropic liquid crystal mixtures

Castelletto, V., Squires, A.M., Hamley, I.W. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4549-0926, Stasiak, J. and Moggridge, G.D. (2009) A SAXS study of flow alignment of thermotropic liquid crystal mixtures. Liquid Crystals, 36 (4). pp. 435-442. ISSN 0267-8292 doi: 10.1080/02678290902928542

Abstract/Summary

We report on the capillary flow behaviour of thermotropic liquid crystal mixtures containing 4-n-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) and 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB). The liquid crystal mixtures are studied in the Nematic (N) and Smectic (SA) phases at room temperature. Polarised optical microscopy (POM), rheology and simultaneous X-ray diffraction (XRD)/capillary flow experiments are performed to characterise the system. Polarised optical microscopy reveals a dramatic change in optical texture when the 5CB content is increased from 20 to 30% in the mixtures. X-ray diffraction results show that the system goes through a SA-N phase transition, such that the mixtures are smectic for 10-20% 5CB and nematic for 30-90% 5CB. Smectic mixtures flow with the layers aligned along the flow direction (mesogens perpendicular to flow) while nematic mixtures flow with the mesogens aligned in the flow direction. Simultaneous XRD/shear flow experiments show that the SA-N transition is independent of the flow rate in the range 1-6 ml min-1. The correlation length of the liquid crystal order decreases with increasing 5CB content. Rheology is used to prove that the correlation length behaviour is related to a reduction in the viscosity of the mixture.