Palmitic acid-rich oils with and without interesterification lower postprandial lipemia and increase atherogenic lipoproteins compared to a MUFA-rich oil: a randomized controlled trial

Mills, C. E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8313-3700, Harding, S. V., Bapir, M., Mandalari, G., Salt, L. J., Gray, R., Fielding, B. A., Wilde, P. J., Hall, W. L. and Berry, S. E. (2021) Palmitic acid-rich oils with and without interesterification lower postprandial lipemia and increase atherogenic lipoproteins compared to a MUFA-rich oil: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 113 (5). pp. 1221-1231. ISSN 0002-9165 doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa413

Abstract/Summary

Background: Interesterified (IE) fats are widely used in place of trans fats; however, little is known about their metabolism. Objective: To test the impact of a commonly consumed IE versus a non-IE equivalent fat on in vivo postprandial and in vitro lipid metabolism, compared with a reference oil (rapeseed oil; RO). Design: A double-blinded, 3-phase crossover, randomized controlled trial was performed in healthy adults (n=20) aged 45-75 years. Postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and lipoprotein responses (including stable isotope tracing) to a test meal (50g fat) were evaluated over 8 hours. The test fats were IE 80:20 palm stearin/palm kernel fat, an identical non-IE fat, and RO (control). In vitro, mechanisms of digestion were explored using a dynamic gastric model (DGM). Results: Plasma TG 8h incremental area under the curves were lower following non-IE versus RO (-1.7 mmol/L.h (95% confidence interval -3.3, -0.0)), but there were no differences between IE and RO nor IE and non-IE. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles were smaller following IE and non-IE versus RO (P=0.005). Extra, extra large (XXL)-, extra large (XL)- and large (L)- VLDL particle concentrations were higher following IE and non-IE versus RO at 6-8 h (P <0.05). No differences in the appearance of [13C]palmitic acid in plasma TG was observed between IE and non-IE fats. DGM revealed differences in phase separation of the IE and non-IE meals and delayed release of saturated fatty acids (SFA) versus RO. Conclusions: Interesterification did not modify fat digestion, postprandial lipemia or lipid metabolism measured by stable isotope and DGM analysis. Despite the lower lipemia following the SFA rich fats, increased pro-atherogenic large TG-rich lipoprotein remnant and small LDL particles following the SFA rich fats relative to RO adds a new postprandial dimension to the mechanistic evidence linking SFA to cardiovascular disease risk.

Item Type	Article
URI	https://reading-clone.eprints-hosting.org/id/eprint/94957
Identification Number/DOI	10.1093/ajcn/nqaa413
Refereed	Yes
Divisions	Life Sciences > School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy > Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences > Human Nutrition Research Group
Publisher	American Society for Nutrition
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