Women and leadership in higher education in China: discourse and the discursive construction of identity

Downloads

Alimo-Metcalfe, Beverly. 2010. An investigation of female and male constructs of leadership and empowerment. Women in Management Review 25: 640–48. [CrossRef] Alvesson, Mats. 2010. Self-doubters, strugglers, storytellers, surfers and others: Images of self-identities in organization studies. Human Relations 63: 193–217. [CrossRef] Alvesson, Mats, and Yvonne Due Billing. 2009. Understanding Gender and Organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Alvesson, Mats, and Hugh Willmott. 2002. Identity regulation as organizational control: Producing the appropriate individual. Journal of Management Studies 39: 619–44. [CrossRef] Alvesson, Mats, Karen Lee Ashcraft, and Robyn Thomas. 2008. Identity matters: Reflections on the construction of identity scholarship in organization studies. Organization 15: 5–28. [CrossRef] Angeloff, Tania. 2010. China at work (1980–2009): Employment, gender, and migrations. Travail, Genre et Sociétés 1: 79–102. [CrossRef] Armstrong, David, Ann Gosling, John Weinman, and Marteau Theresa. 1997. The place of inter-rater reliability in qualitative research: An empirical study. Sociology 31: 597–606. [CrossRef] Ashforth, Blake. 2000. Role Transitions in Organizational Life: An Identity-Based Perspective. Abingdon: Routledge. Atkinson, Paul, and David Silverman. 1997. Kundera’s immortality: The interview society and the invention of the self. Qualitative Inquiry 3: 304–25. [CrossRef] Attané, Isabelle. 2012. Being a woman in china today: A demography of gender. China Perspectives 5: 5–15. Bagilhole, Barbara, and Kate White. 2013. An outsider in academia. In Generation and Gender in Academia. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Basit, Tehmina N. 2010. Conducting Research in Educational Contexts. London: Continuum International Publication Group. Berger, Peter, and Thomas Luckmann. 1966. The Social Construction of Knowledge: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Soho: Open Road Media. Billing, Yvonne Due. 2011. Are women in management victims of the phantom of the male norm? Gender, Work & Organization 18: 298–317. Billington, Rosamund, Jennifer Lorna Hockey, and Sheelagh Strawbridge. 1998. Exploring Self and Society. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Brescoll, Victoria L. 2011. Who takes the floor and why: Gender, power, and volubility in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly 56: 622–41. [CrossRef] Adm. Sci. 2017, 7, 21 15 of 17 Browne, Kath. 2005. Snowball sampling: Using social networks to research non-heterosexual women. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8: 47–60. [CrossRef] Burkinshaw, Paula. 2015. Higher Education, Leadership and Women Vice Chancellors, Fitting into Communities of Practice of Masculinities. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Butler, Judith. 1999. Gender Trouble. New York: Routledge. Carli, Linda L. 1999. Gender, Interpersonal Power, and Social Influence. Journal of Social Issues 55: 81–99. [CrossRef] Cheng, Liying. 2008. The key to success: English language testing in china. Language Testing 25: 15–37. [CrossRef] Collinson, David L. 2003. Identities and insecurities: Selves at work. Organization 10: 527–47. [CrossRef] Copeland, Catherine L., James E. Driskell, and Eduardo Salas. 1995. Gender and reactions to dominance. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 10: 53. Davies, Celia, and Penny Holloway. 1995. Troubling transformations: Gender regimes and organizational culture in the academy. In Feminist Academics: Creative Agents for Change. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd., pp. 7–21. DeVault, Marjorie L. 1996. Talking back to sociology: Distinctive contributions of feminist methodology. Annual Review of Sociology 22: 29–50. [CrossRef] Eagly, Alice H., and Linda L. Carli. 2003. The female leadership advantage: An evaluation of the evidence. The Leadership Quarterly 14: 807–34. [CrossRef] Eagly, Alice H., and Steven J. Karau. 2002. Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review 109: 573. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Fairhurst, Gail T. 2009. Considering context in discursive leadership research. Human Relations 62: 1607–33. [CrossRef] Fletcher, Joyce K. 2004. The paradox of postheroic leadership: An essay on gender, power, and transformational change. The Leadership Quarterly 15: 647–61. [CrossRef] Fletcher, Catherine, Rebecca Boden, Julie Kent, and Julie Tinson. 2007. Performing women: The gendered dimensions of the uk new research economy. Gender, Work & Organization 14: 433–53. Ford, Jackie. 2006. Discourses of leadership: Gender, identity and contradiction in a uk public sector organization. Leadership 2: 77–99. [CrossRef] Fotaki, Marianna. 2013. No woman is like a man (in academia): The masculine symbolic order and the unwanted female body. Organization Studies. [CrossRef] Foucault, Michel. 1972. The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. London: Tavistock. Foucault, Michel. 1980. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977. New York: Pantheon Books. Gee, James Paul. 1999. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method. Abingdon: Routledge. Gill, Rosalind. 2000. Discourse Analysis. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Goffman, Erving. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City: Doubleday and Company Inc. Halford, Susan, and Pauline Leonard. 2006. Place, space and time: Contextualizing workplace subjectivities. Organization Studies 27: 657–76. [CrossRef] Harding, Nancy, Jackie Ford, and Brendan Gough. 2010. Accounting for ourselves: Are academics exploited workers? Critical Perspectives on Accounting 21: 159–68. [CrossRef] Harley, Sandra. 2003. Research selectivity and female academics in uk universities: From gentleman’s club and barrack yard to smart macho? Gender and Education 15: 377–92. [CrossRef] Helgesen, Sally. 2008. The Female Advantage, 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Holmes, Mary. 2007. What Is Gender? Sociological Approaches. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Huang, Jiehua, and Iiris Aaltio. 2014. Guanxi and social capital: Networking among women managers in china and finland. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 39: 22–39. [CrossRef] Jaros, Stephen. 2012. Identity and the workplace: An assessment of contextualist and discursive approaches. Tamara Journal of Critical Organisation Inquiry 10: 45. Jones, Karen, and Clifton Jonathan. Forthcoming. Rendering sexism invisible in workplace narratives. A narrative analysis of female entrepreneurs’ stories of not being talked to by men. Gender, Work & Organization. Kelly, Simon. 2008. Leadership: A categorical mistake? Human Relations 61: 763–82. [CrossRef] Kiesling, Scott F. 2006. Hegemonic identity-making in narrative. In Discourse and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 261–87. Kondo, Dorinne K. 1990. Crafting Selves: Power, Gender, and Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Adm. Sci. 2017, 7, 21 16 of 17 Lämsä, Anna-Maija, and Teppo Sintonen. 2001. A discursive approach to understanding women leaders in working life. Journal of Business Ethics 34: 255–67. [CrossRef] Li, Zhuang. 2007. Study on the Principal Responsibility System under the Leadership of Party Committees in Universities. Master’s Dissertation, Party School of the CPC Central Committee, Beijing, China. (In Chinese) Lincoln, Yvonna S., and Egon G. Guba. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Lindgren, Monica, and Johann Packendorff. 2008. Woman, Teacher, Entrepreneur On Identity Construction in Female Entrepreneurs of Swedish Independent Schools. In Women Entrepreneurship and Social Capital: A Dialogue and Construction. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press, pp. 193–223. Lindsey, Linda L. 2015. Gender Roles: A Sociological Perspective. New York: Routledge. Lyness, Karen S., and Donna E. Thompson. 2000. Climbing the corporate ladder: Do female and male executives follow the same route? Journal of Applied Psychology 85: 86. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Mak, Grace CL. 2013. Women, Education, and Development in Asia: Cross-National Perspectives. Abingdon: Routledge. Martin, Joanne. 2003. Feminist theory and critical theory: Unexplored synergies. In Studying Management Critically. London: Sage Publications, pp. 66–91. Mavin, Sharon, and Gina Grandy. 2012. Doing gender well and differently in management. Gender in Management: An International Journal 27: 218–31. [CrossRef] Morley, Louise. 1994. Glass ceiling or iron cage: Women in uk academia. Gender, Work & Organization 1: 194–204. Morley, Louise. 2010. Hyper modernization and Archaism: Women in Higher Education Internationally. In Gender Change in Academia: Re-Mapping the Fields of Work, Knowledge, and Politics from a Gender Perspective. Wiesbaden: Springer, pp. 27–42. Morley, Louise, and Barbara Crossouard. 2016. Gender in the neoliberalised global academy: The affective economy of women and leadership in south asia. British Journal of Sociology of Education 37: 149–68. [CrossRef] Nagatomo, Diane Hawley. 2012. The Impact of Gender on the Professional Identity of Seven Female Teachers of English in Japanese Higher Education. Ochanomizu University 8: 213–226. Northouse, Peter G. 2012. Leadership: Theory and Practice. Los Angeles: Sage. O’Connor, Pat. 2014. Management and Gender in Higher Education. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Rudman, Laurie A. 1998. Self-promotion as a risk factor for women: The costs and benefits of counterstereotypical impression management. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74: 629. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Rudman, Laurie A., and Julie E. Phelan. 2008. Backlash effects for disconfirming gender stereotypes in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior 28: 61–79. [CrossRef] Rudman, Laurie A., Corinne A. Moss-Racusin, Julie E. Phelan, and Sanne Nauts. 2012. Status incongruity and backlash effects: Defending the gender hierarchy motivates prejudice against female leaders. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 48: 165–79. [CrossRef] Savigny, Heather. 2014. Women, know your limits: Cultural sexism in academia. Gender and Education 26: 794–809. [CrossRef] Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. 2015. Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire. New York: Columbia University Press. Shakespeare, Pamela. 1996. Aspects of Confused Speech: A Study of Verbal Interaction between Confused and Normal Speakers. Hong Kong: Open University. Sheng, Yunlong. 2009. ‘Glass ceiling’ in professional development of female faculty viewed from analysis of the faculty structure. Collection of Women’s Studies 1: 26–31. Singh, Val, Savita Kumra, and Susan Vinnicombe. 2002. Gender and impression management: Playing the promotion game. Journal of Business Ethics 37: 77–89. [CrossRef] Skelton, Christine. 2004. Gender, career and ‘individualisation’in the audit university. Research in Education 72: 87–102. [CrossRef] Stewart, Abigail J., and Christa McDermott. 2004. Gender in psychology. Annual Review of Psychology 55: 519–44. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Strauss, Anselm, and Juliet Corbin. 1990. Basics of Qualitative Research. Newbury Park: Sage, vol. 15. Sturges, Jane. 1999. What it means to succeed: Personal conceptions of career success held by male and female managers at different ages. British Journal of Management 10: 239–52. [CrossRef] Tannen, Deborah. 1995. The power of talk: Who gets heard and why. Harvard Business Review 73: 138–48. Adm. Sci. 2017, 7, 21 17 of 17 Taylor, Stephanie, and Karen Littleton. 2005. Narratives of Creative Journeys: A Study of the Identity Work of Novices in Artisitc and Creativity Fields. Paper presented at Narrative, Memory and Knowledge Conference, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK, April 9. Taylor, Stephanie, and Karen Littleton. 2006. Biographies in talk: A narrative-discursive research approach. Qualitative Sociology Review 2: 22–38. Thomas, Robyn, and Annette Davies. 2002. Gender and new public management: Reconstituting academic subjectivities. Gender, Work & Organization 9: 372–97. Van De Mieroop, Dorien, and Jonathan Clifton. 2016. Life Stories. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Van den Brink, Marieke, and Yvonne Benschop. 2012. Slaying the seven-headed dragon: The quest for gender change in academia. Gender, Work & Organization 19: 71–92. Vivien, Burr. 1995. An Introduction to Social Constructionism. London: Routlegde. Wang, Yin-han, and Kai Yu. 2015. A survey of the female leaders of chinese universities. Fu Dan Education Forum 3: 21–26. Wang, Yinhan, Yue Qi, and Yu Kai. 2013. Women Leaders of Higher Education: Female Executives in Leading Universities in China. Cross Cultural Communication 9: 40–45. West, Candace, and Don H. Zimmerman. 1987. Doing gender. Gender & Society 1: 125–51. Wiggins, Sally. 2017. Discursive Psychology. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Williams, Joan C., Tamina Alon, and Stephanie Bornstein. 2006. Beyond the ‘chilly climate’: Eliminating bias against women. Thought Action Fall 2006: 79–96. Witz, Anne, and Mike Savage. 1992. The gender of organization. In Gender and Bureaucracy. Edited by Mike Savage and Anne Witz. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 3–62. Xue, Fei. 2008. Women’s Status in Higher Education: Where are Women President’s in Chinese Universities? Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Yang, Rui. 2011. Self and the Other in the Confucian Cultural Context: Implications of China’s Higher Education Developmentfor Comparative Studies. International Review of Education 57: 37–355. [CrossRef] Yin, Robert K. 2014. Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 5th ed.London: Sage. Zhang, Lili. 2001. Stress and Coping among Women Academics in Research Universities of China. Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. (In Chinese) Zhang, Lili. 2003. A probe into stresses on female academics in research universities. Tsinghua Journal of Education 24: 44–50. Zhang, Lili. 2005. The particular career experiences of chinese women academics. In Women’s Studies in China: Mapping the Social, Economic and Policy Changes in Chinese Women’s Lives. Seoul: Ewha Womans University Press, pp. 71–114. Zhang, Lili. 2010. A study on the measurement of job-related stress among women academics in research universities of china. Frontiers of Education in China 5: 158–76. [CrossRef] Zhao, Ke. 2008. Life Cycle and Career Patterns of Academic Women in Higher Education in China Today. Masters Dissertation, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway