Effects of increased wholegrain consumption on immune and inflammatory markers in healthy low habitual wholegrain consumers

Ampatzoglou, A., Williams, C. L., Atwal, K. K., Maidens, C. M., Ross, A. B., Thielecke, F., Jonnalagadda, S. S., Kennedy, O. B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-4872 and Yaqoob, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6716-7599 (2016) Effects of increased wholegrain consumption on immune and inflammatory markers in healthy low habitual wholegrain consumers. European Journal of Nutrition, 55 (1). pp. 183-195. ISSN 1436-6215 doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-0836-y

Abstract/Summary

Purpose Wholegrain (WG) consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, but clinical data on inflammation and immune function is either conflicting or limited. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of increasing WG consumption to at least 80 g/d on markers of inflammation and glucose metabolism and on phenotypic and functional aspects of the immune system, in healthy, middle-aged adults with low habitual WG intake. Methods Subjects consumed a diet high in WG (> 80 g/d) or low in WG (< 16 g/d, refined grain diet) in a crossover study, with 6-week intervention periods, separated by a 4-week washout. Adherence to the dietary regimes was achieved by dietary advice and provision of a range of food products, with compliance verified through analysis of plasma alkylresorcinols (ARs). Results On the WG intervention, WG consumption reached 168 g/d (P < 0.001), accompanied by an increase in plasma ARs (P < 0.001) and fibre intake (P < 0.001), without affecting other aspects of dietary intake. On the WG arm there were trends for lower ex vivo activation of CD4+ T cells and circulating concentrations of IL-10, C-reactive protein, C-peptide, insulin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. The percentage of CD4+ central memory T cells and circulating levels of adipsin tended to increase during the WG intervention. Conclusions Despite the dramatic increase in WG consumption, there were no effects on phenotypic or functional immune parameters, markers of inflammation or metabolic markers.

Item Type	Article
URI	https://reading-clone.eprints-hosting.org/id/eprint/38990
Identification Number/DOI	10.1007/s00394-015-0836-y
Refereed	Yes
Divisions	Interdisciplinary centres and themes > Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR) Interdisciplinary centres and themes > Centre for Food Security Life Sciences > School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy > Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences > Human Nutrition Research Group
Uncontrolled Keywords	Whole grain, immune function, inflammation, glucose metabolism
Publisher	Springer
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