Wind observations above an urban river using a new lidar technique, scintillometry and anemometry

Downloads

Balogun, A.A., Tomlin, A.S., Wood, C.R., Barlow, J.F., Belcher, S.E., Smalley, R.J., Lingard, J.J.N., Arnold, S.J., Dobre, A., Robins, A.G., Martin, D., Shallcross, D.E., 2010. In-street wind direction variability in the vicinity of a busy intersection in central London. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 136, 489-513. Barlow, J.F., Coceal, O., 2009. A review of urban roughness sublayer turbulence, Met Office Technical Report. Exeter, p. 68. Barlow, J.F., Dobre, A., Smalley, R.J., Arnold, S.J., Tomlin, A.S., Belcher, S.E., 2009. Referencing of street-level flows measured during the DAPPLE 2004 campaign. Atmospheric Environment 43, 5536-5544. Barlow, J.F., Dunbar, T.M., Nemitz, E.G., Wood, C.R., Gallagher, M.W., Davies, F., O’Connor, E., Harrison, R.M., 2011. Boundary layer dynamics over London, UK, as observed using Doppler lidar during REPARTEE-II. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, 2111-2125. Best, M.J., 2005. Representing urban areas within operational numerical weather prediction models. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 114, 91-109. Ching, J.K.S., 1985. Urban-scale variations of turbulence parameters and fluxes. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 33, 335-361. Cho, M.-R., 2010. The politics of urban nature restoration: The case of Cheonggyecheon restoration in Seoul, Korea. International Development Planning Review 32, 145-165. Chou, C.C.-K., Lee, C.-T., Chen, W.-N., Chang, S.-Y., Chen, T.-K., Lin, C.-Y. Chen, J.-P., 2007. Lidar observations of the diurnal variations in the depth of urban mixing layer: a case study on the air quality deterioration in Taipei, Taiwan. Science of the Total Environment 374, 156–166 Collier, C.G., Davies, F., Bozier, K.E., Holt, A.R., Middleton, D.R., Pearson, G.N., Siemen, S., Willetts, D.V., Upton, G.J.G., Young, R.I., 2005. Dual-Doppler Lidar Measurements for Improving Dispersion Models. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 86, 825-838. Ding, A., Wang, T., Zhao, M., Wang, T., Li, Z., 2004. Simulation of sea-land breezes and a discussion of their implications on the transport of air pollution during a multi-day ozone episode in the Pearl River Delta of China. Atmospheric Environment 38, 6737-6750. Eliasson, I., Offerle, B., Grimmond, C.S.B., Lindqvist, S., 2006. Wind fields and turbulence statistics in an urban street canyon. Atmospheric Environment 40, 1-16. Evans, S., 2009. 3D cities and numerical weather prediction models: An overview of the methods used in the LUCID project. CASA working document. University College London. London, pp. 0-18. Fortuniak, K., Pawlak, W., 2011. Turbulence characteristics and energy balance on urbanized area – Łódź case study. EMS Annual Meeting Abstracts, p. 785. Friedrich, K., Lundquist, J.K., Aitken, M., Kalina, E. a., Marshall, R.F., 2012. Stability and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer: A comparison of remote sensing and tower observations. Geophysical Research Letters 39, 1-6. Kaimal, J.C., Finnigan, J.J., 1994. Atmospheric boundary layer flows, their structure and measurements. Oxford University Press, New York, USA, p. 289. Kanda, M., Moriwaki, R., Roth, M., Oke, T., 2002. Area-averaged sensible heat flux and a new method to determine zero-plane displacement length over an urban surface using scintillometry. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 105, 177-193. Kastner-Klein, P., Fedorovich, E., Rotach, M.W., 2001. A wind tunnel study of organised and turbulent air motions in urban street canyons. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 89, 849-861. Kotthaus, S., Grimmond, C.S.B., 2012. Identification of micro-scale anthropogenic CO2, heat and moisture sources – processing eddy covariance fluxes for a dense urban environment. Atmospheric Environment 57, 301-316. Lagouarde, J.-P., Irvine, M., Bonnefond, J.-M., Grimmond, C.S.B., Long, N., Oke, T.R., Salmond, J.A., Offerle, B., 2006. Monitoring the Sensible Heat Flux over Urban Areas using Large Aperture Scintillometry: Case Study of Marseille City During the Escompte Experiment. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 118, 449-476. Lindberg, F., Grimmond, C.S.B., 2011. Nature of vegetation and building morphology characteristics across a city: influence on shadow patterns and mean radiant temperatures in London. Urban Ecosystems 14, 617-634. London Air Quality Network, 2005. Air Quality in London 2003, Environmental Research Group, King’s College London, G. Fuller (Ed.), Report No. 11. MacDonald, R.W., Griffiths, R.F., Hall, D.J., 1998. An improved method for the estimation of surface roughness of obstacle arrays. Atmospheric Environment 32, 1587-1864. Mestayer, P.G., Rosant, J.-M., Rodriguez, F., Rouaud, J.-M., 2011. The experimental campaign FluxSAP 2010: Climatological measurements over a heterogeneous urban area. International Association for Urban Climate Newsletter 40, 25-33. Met Office, 2012. www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk, date accessed 15 May 2012. Orton, P.M., McGillis, W.R., Zappa, C.J., 2010. Sea breeze forcing of estuary turbulence and air-water CO2 exchange. Geophysical Research Letters 37. O’Connor, E.J., Illingworth, A.J., Brooks, I.M., Westbrook, C.D., Hogan, R.J., Davies, F., Brooks, B.J., 2010. A Method for Estimating the Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate from a Vertically Pointing Doppler Lidar, and Independent Evaluation from Balloon-Borne In Situ Measurements. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, 1652-1664. Pichugina, Y.L., Tucker, S.C., Banta, R.M., Brewer, W.A., Kelley, N.D., Jonkman, B.J., Newsom, R.K., 2008. Horizontal-Velocity and Variance Measurements in the Stable Boundary Layer Using Doppler Lidar: Sensitivity to Averaging Procedures. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, 1307-1327. Poggio, L.P., Furger, M., Prévôt, A.H., Graber, W.K., Andreas, E.L., 2000. Scintillometer Wind Measurements over Complex Terrain. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 17, 17-26. Port of London, 2011. Handbook of Tide Tables and Port Information. Gravesend, UK. Roth, M., 2000. Review of atmospheric turbulence over cities. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 126, 941-990. Roth, M., Salmond, J.A., Satyanarayana, A.N.V., 2006. Methodological considerations regarding the measurement of turbulent fluxes in the urban roughness sublayer: The role of scintillometery. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 121, 351-375. Salizzoni, P., Soulhac, L., Mejean, P., 2009. Street canyon ventilation and atmospheric turbulence. Atmospheric Environment 43, 5056-5067. Scintec, 2011. Scintec Boundary Layer Scintillometer Hardware Manual. Version 2.07. Rottenburg, Germany. Spronken-Smith, R.A., Oke, T.R., Lowry, W.P., 2000. Advection and the surface energy balance across an irrigated urban park. International Journal of Climatology 20, 1033-1047. Vardoulakis, S., Dimitrova, R., Richards, K., Hamlyn, D., Camilleri, G., Weeks, M., Sini, J.-F., Britter, R., Borrego, C., Schatzmann, M., Moussiopoulus, N., 2011. Numerical Model Inter-comparison for Wind Flow and Turbulence Around Single-Block Buildings. Environmental Modelling Assessment 16, 169-181. Wang, T.-i, Ochs, G.R., Lawrence, R.S., 1981. Wind measurements by the temporal cross-correlation of the optical scintillations. Applied Optics 20, 4073-4081. Ward, H.C., Evans, J.G., Grimmond, C.S.B., 2011. Effects of Non-Uniform Crosswind Fields on Scintillometry Measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 141, 143-163. Wood, C.R., Arnold, S.J., Balogun, A.A., Barlow, J.F., Belcher, S.E., Britter, R.E., Cheng, H., Dobre, A., Lingard, J.J.N., Martin, D., Neophytou, M.K., Petersson, F.K., Robins, A.G., Shallcross, D.E., Smalley, R.J., Tate, J.E., Tomlin, A.S., White, I.R., 2009. Dispersion Experiments in Central London: The 2007 DAPPLE project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 90, 955-969. Yuan, C., Ng, E., 2012. Building porosity for better urban ventilation in high-density cities – A computational parametric study. Building and Environment 50, 176-189.