Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance

Cani, P.D., Amar, J., Iglesias, M.A., Poggi, M., Knauf, C., Bastelica, D., Neyrinck, A.M., Fava, F., Tuohy, K.M., Chabo, C., Waget, A., Delmee, E., Cousin, B., Sulpice, T., Chamontin, B., Ferrieres, J., Tanti, J.F., Gibson, G.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0566-0476, Casteilla, L., Delzenne, N.M., Alessi, M.C. and Burcelin, R. (2007) Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes, 56 (7). pp. 1761-1772. ISSN 0012-1797 doi: 10.2337/db06-1491

Abstract/Summary

Diabetes and obesity are two metabolic diseases characterized by insulin resistance and a low-grade inflammation Seeking an inflammatory factor causative of the onset of insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes, we have identified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a triggering factor. We found that normal endotoxemia increased or decreased during the fed or fasted state, respectively, on a nutritional basis and that a 4-week high-fat diet chronically increased plasma LPS concentration two to three times, a threshold that we have defined as metabolic endotoxemia. Importantly, a high-fat diet increased the proportion of an LPS-containing microbiota in the gut. When metabolic endotoxemia was induced for 4 weeks in mice through continuous subcutaneous infusion of LPS, fasted glycemia and insulinemia and whole-body, liver, and adipose tissue weight gain were increased to a similar extent as in highfat-fed mice. In addition, adipose tissue F4/80-positive cells and markers of inflammation, and liver triglyceride content, were increased. Furthermore, liver, but not wholebody, insulin resistance was detected in LPS-infused mice. CD14 mutant mice resisted most of the LPS and high-fat diet-induced features of metabolic diseases. This new finding demonstrates that metabolic endotoxemia dysregulates the inflammatory tone and triggers body weight gain and diabetes. We conclude that the LPS/CD14 system sets the tone of insulin sensitivity and the onset of diabetes and obesity. Lowering plasma LPS concentration could be a potent strategy for the control of metabolic diseases.

Item Type	Article
URI	https://reading-clone.eprints-hosting.org/id/eprint/13515
Item Type	Article
Refereed	Yes
Divisions	Life Sciences > School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy > Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences
Uncontrolled Keywords	GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1, MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGEN, WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE, HIGH-FAT DIET, INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY, MICE, RECEPTOR, BACTERIA, GLUCOSE, CD14
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