Association between body composition and cardiometabolic disease risk – role of dietary fat intake and APOLIPOPROTEIN E genotype on this relationship

Ozen, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6203-7018, Lovegrove, J. A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7633-9455 and Jackson, K. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-3203 (2024) Association between body composition and cardiometabolic disease risk – role of dietary fat intake and APOLIPOPROTEIN E genotype on this relationship. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. ISSN 0029-6651 doi: 10.1017/S0029665124000053

Abstract/Summary

Excess body weight is associated with increased mortality and risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Body fat distribution is now considered a better indicator of disease risk than body mass index (BMI), with central adiposity associated with dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Dietary modification is unquestionably important in the prevention of obesity and CVD, with the type but not the amount of dietary fat emerging as an important determinant of both diseases. Although reducing saturated fat (SFA) intake via replacement with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) is a key public health strategy for CVD prevention, variability in the lipid lowering response has been observed. This narrative review aims to investigate the link between adiposity and CVD risk, and the role of dietary fat composition and APOLIPOPROTEIN (APO)E genotype on this relationship. In the absence of weight loss, replacing dietary SFA with UFA reduces central adiposity and anthropometric measures, and is linked with lower total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. However, differences in study populations and body composition techniques needs to be taken into consideration. To date, only a limited number of studies have determined the role of APOE on body composition and CVD risk but findings are inconsistent. Both APOE2 and APOE4 alleles have been correlated with adiposity related markers and an APOE genotype-BMI interaction has been reported on fasting lipids. However, studies are often performed retrospectively leading to small sample sizes within the genotype groups. Further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between APOE genotype, adiposity and circulating CVD risk markers

Item Type	Article
URI	https://reading-clone.eprints-hosting.org/id/eprint/114627
Identification Number/DOI	10.1017/S0029665124000053
Refereed	Yes
Divisions	Interdisciplinary centres and themes > Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR) Interdisciplinary Research Centres (IDRCs) > Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH) Life Sciences > School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy > Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences > Human Nutrition Research Group
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
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