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The effect of the Cordillera mountain range on tropical cyclone rainfall in the Northern Philippines

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Racoma, B. A. B. orcid id iconORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-7273, Holloway, C. E. orcid id iconORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9903-8989, Schiemann, R. K. H. orcid id iconORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3095-9856, Feng, X. orcid id iconORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4143-107X and Bagtasa, G. orcid id iconORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5433-7122 (2023) The effect of the Cordillera mountain range on tropical cyclone rainfall in the Northern Philippines. Atmosphere, 14 (4). 643. ISSN 2073-4433 doi: 10.3390/atmos14040643

Abstract/Summary

In this study, we examined the sensitivity of tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics and precipitation to the Cordillera Mountain Range (CMR) in Luzon, Philippines. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, we simulated eight TCs with four different CMR orographic elevations: Control, Flat, Reduced, and Enhanced. We found that at significance level α=0.05, TC intensity significantly weakened as early as 21 h prior to landfall in the Enhanced experiment relative to the Control, whereas there was little change in the Flat and Reduced experiments. However, throughout the period when the TC crossed Luzon, we found no significant differences for TC movement speed and position in the different orographic elevations. When a TC made landfall, associated precipitation over the CMR increased as the mountain height increased. We further investigated the underpinning processes relevant to the effect of the CMR on precipitation by examining the effects of mountain slope, incoming perpendicular wind speed, and the moist Froude Number (Fw). Compared with other factors, TC precipitation was most strongly correlated with the strength of approaching winds multiplied by the mountain slope, i.e., stronger winds blowing up steeper mountain slopes caused higher amounts of precipitation. We also found that individually, Fw, mountain height, and upslope wind speeds were poor indicators of orographically induced precipitation. The effects of mountain range on TC rainfall varied with TC cases, highlighting the complexity of the mountain, wind, and rainfall relationship.

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Item Type Article
URI https://reading-clone.eprints-hosting.org/id/eprint/111440
Item Type Article
Refereed Yes
Divisions Science > School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences > NCAS
Science > School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences > Department of Meteorology
Publisher MDPI
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